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1.
J Hypertens ; 42(4): 650-661, 2024 Apr 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38441185

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Enalapril has shown satisfactory potential in controlling increased and sustained blood pressure (BP). However, multiple dysregulated mechanisms that interact with each other and are involved in the pathophysiology of arterial hypertension may not be affected, contributing to the remaining cardiovascular risk. Using an exercise training protocol, we investigated whether adding both approaches to arterial hypertension management could promote higher modulation of regulatory mechanisms of BP in postmenopausal rats. METHODS: Spontaneously hypertensive rats were allocated into sedentary (S) and ovariectomized groups: sedentary (OS), sedentary treated with enalapril maleate (OSE) and trained treated with enalapril maleate (OTE). Both the pharmacological and exercise training protocols lasted for 8 weeks. The BP was directly recorded. Inflammation and oxidative stress were evaluated in the cardiac tissue. RESULTS: Although BP reduction was similar between OSE and OTE, trained group showed lower vasopressor systems outflow after sympathetic ganglion blocking by hexamethonium (mean BP) (OTE: -53.7 ±â€Š9.86 vs. OS: -75.7 ±â€Š19.2 mmHg). Bradycardic and tachycardic response were increased in OTE group (-1.4 ±â€Š0.4 and -2.6 ±â€Š0.4 vs. OS: -0.6 ±â€Š0.3 and -1.3 ±â€Š0.4 bpm/mmHg, respectively), as well as BP variability. In addition, the combination of approaches induced an increase in interleukin 10, antioxidant defense (catalase and glutathione peroxidase) and nitrite levels compared with the OS group. CONCLUSION: Despite similar BP, the inclusion of exercise training in antihypertensive drug treatment exacerbates the positive adaptations induced by enalapril alone on autonomic, inflammatory and oxidative stress profiles, probably affecting end-organ damage and remaining risk.


Assuntos
Inibidores da Enzima Conversora de Angiotensina , Hipertensão , Ratos , Animais , Pressão Sanguínea , Inibidores da Enzima Conversora de Angiotensina/farmacologia , Enalapril/farmacologia , Ratos Endogâmicos SHR
2.
Heliyon ; 7(12): e08587, 2021 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34977408

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Clinical and experimental studies have been attesting the deleterious effects of smoking mainly due to the stimulation of osteoclastogenesis and inhibition of osteoblastogenesis. However the physiological mechanisms that can explain these changes are not fully understood. AIMS: To evaluate the trabecular bone resorption effect caused by long-term exposure to cigarette smoke and the action of cytokines and reactive oxygen species involved in this process. METHODS: Sixty young adult C57BL/6 mice were allocated to two groups: control, 30 animals exposed to filtered air for 1, 3 and 6 months; and smoke, 30 animals exposed to cigarette smoke for 1, 3 and 6 months. Femoral and tibial extraction was performed to evaluate the bone mineral matrix, bone cytokines (Receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand - RANKL and Osteoprotegerin - OPG) and oxidative stress markers (Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances - Tbars). RESULTS: Exposure to cigarette smoke (CS) generated changes in bone structural parameters in the 6th month of follow-up, demonstrating an evident bone loss; reduction in OPG/RANKL ratio from the 3rd month on and increase in Tbars in the first month, both closely related to the increase in osteoclastogenic activity and bone resorption. CONCLUSION: These findings reinforce the importance of CS-induced oxidative stress in bone compromising the bone cellular activities with a consequent impairment in bone turn over and changes in bone structure.

4.
PLoS One ; 15(6): e0233785, 2020.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32521542

RESUMO

This study evaluated the impact of combined exercise training on the development of cardiovascular and neuroimmune complications induced by fructose consumption (10% in the drinking water) in hypertensive rats (SHR). After weaning, SHR were divided into 3 groups: SHR (H), SHR+fructose (HF) and SHR+fructose+combined exercise training (treadmill+ladder, 40-60% of maximum capacity) (HFTC). Metabolic, hemodynamic, autonomic, inflammatory and oxidative stress parameters were evaluated in the subgroups (n = 6 group/time) at 7, 15, 30 and 60 days of protocol. Fructose consumption (H vs. HF groups) decreased spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity and total variance of pulse interval at day 7 (7 to 60); increased IL-6 and TNFα in the heart (at day 15, 30 and 60) and NADPH oxidase activity and cardiac lipoperoxidation (LPO) (day 60); increased white adipose tissue weight, reduced insulin sensitivity and increased triglycerides (day 60); induced an additional increase in mean arterial pressure (MAP) (days 30 and 60). Combined exercise training prevented such dysfunctions and sustained increased cardiac IL-10 (day 7) and glutathione redox balance (GSH/GSSG) for the entire protocol. In conclusion, combined exercise training performed simultaneously with exacerbated fructose consumption prevented early cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction, probably trigging positive changes in inflammation and oxidative stress, resulting in a better cardiometabolic profile in rats genetically predisposed to hypertension.


Assuntos
Hipertensão/terapia , Condicionamento Físico Animal/métodos , Animais , Barorreflexo , Pressão Sanguínea , Frutose/efeitos adversos , Frequência Cardíaca , Hipertensão/etiologia , Interleucina-10/metabolismo , Interleucina-6/metabolismo , Masculino , Miocárdio/metabolismo , NADPH Oxidases/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo , Ratos , Ratos Endogâmicos SHR , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismo
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